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Mexico

Origin

Mexico was the first site of some of the most ancient and developed civilizations of the western hemisphere.There is evidence that a population that lived from hunting inhabited this area around the year 21000 BC or even earlier. Agriculture started around the year 5000 BC. Among the first cultivations there were the pumpkin, corn, chili, and beans. The first mesa American civilization was the Olmecas ‘ who had their flourishing epoch between 1500 and 600 BC. The Mayan culture, according to archaeological investigations, reached its greatest development towards the 6th cent. Another group, the Tolteca, migrated from the North and in the 10th cent. Established an Empire in the Mexican Valley. The Toltecan warriors were the founders of the cities of Tula, Tulancingo, (north of the present Mexico City). They developed a great civilization that can still be appreciated by the ruins of magnificent buildings and monuments.


Constitution

It’s a democratic representative and federal republic ruled by the laws of the constitution passed in 1917,main law of the Mexican state.


Government

A president that has to be Mexican by birth and of Mexican parents represents the national executive power. It is elected in a direct and popular way for a period of 6 years and cannot be reelected. The president appoints the members of its cabinet that has to be confirmed by the Congress the legislative power in Mexico is represented by the Congress of the Union that is composed by the House of Senate and the House of Depute. The upper house is the Senate with 64 members elected by the people for a period of 6 years. Two senates are appointed by each State and the Federal District. The Lower House is the Depute composed by 500 members designated for a period of 3 years. 300 depute are elected by the principle of major vote, and 200 according to the system of proportional representation. The Senates and Depute cannot govern for two consecutive periods. All the citizens 18 years or more have the right to vote and be voted. The highest court in Mexico is the Supreme Court of Justice composed by 21 appointed by the president of the country with the consent of the Senate. The Supreme Court of Justice exerts the judicial power in each of the 31 states of the republic. The executive head of each state is the Governor elected by the people for a period of 6 years. The DF was headed until1997 by a regent (major) appointed by the President. However after 1997 the post of prime chief of the Government in the Federal District was elected in the ballot box. The House of Depute which members are elected for a period of 3 years represents the legislative power of the 31 states. The main political parties are:The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), the National Action Party (PAN) and the Democratic Party of the Revolution (PRD). The PRI founded in 1929 with the name of National Revolutionary Party has been in power since then. The opposing parties PAN and PRD did not represent a serious threat to the hegemony of the PRI until 1980. The PAN conservative and catholic group is made up mainly by wide sectors of the Mexican middle class. The PRD headed by Cuauhtemoc Cardenas in its beginnings constituted as a coalition with the name of National Democratic Front (FDN) represents the most progressive sectors of Mexico in the presidential elections held in August 1995, it was in the 3rd place after the PAN. However, in the first elections in the jurisdiction of Mexico city held on July 6th 1997, Cardenas won with the 48% the chief of government of the Federal District. On December that year he took position of the post. .


General History

Mexico, millennial country of deeply- rooted national feeling with unequalled color, folklore, light and flavor varieties. From the Pacific Ocean to the Caribbean Sea, from deserts to tropical forests, this country offers the visitor a surprising world. Exquisite traditional dishes of beautiful coloring, ancestral archeological monuments, preserved colonial architecture, crystalline turquoise color beaches are symbols of a nation who knows how to appreciate and preserve the beauty of its land. The splendid Mexican Caribbean is full with tourist destinations where paramount history events are revived and the most varied natural landscapes, hotels, commercial and entertainment centers are enjoyed. It is just enough to call twelve names evoking spiritual fullness and pleasure: Cancún, one of the most visited cosmopolitan cities in the world; Cozumel, the scuba diving Mecca; Mujeres Island, the island of dreams; Playa del Carmen, the biggest city of the Mayan riverside; Chetumal, a modern coastal city, capital of Quintana Roo State; Campeche, Valladolid and Villahermosa, colonial cities par excellence, Merida, the oldest city in the Yucatan State; Progreso y Veracruz, important cities with archaeological sites. Beyond the Mayan riverside bathed by Atlantic waters there is Acapulco, a place with a divine touch just made for you. Any of these places, where the sky only darkens to bring from the hand to the romantic night, you will be able to discover the crystal clear waters that offer its more intimate secret: reefs, corals, colorful fish and even and underwater museum. Twelve places to satisfy the most exotic dreams. Just make up your mind.