A small portion of the land is devoted to agriculture. The four principal products are: coffee, cocoa, sugarcane and corn.
The Venezuela’s main exports are petroleum and its by-products. Other major exports are iron, steel, aluminum, coal, gold, petrochemical products and basic industries.
The main imports are machinery, transportation equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs and manufactured goods.
Since the early 1960’s, the government has given high priority to the development of the economic sector of the manufacturing industry. The main industrial products are by-products of petroleum, steel, aluminum, fertilizers, cement, tires, motor vehicles, processed foods, beverages, textiles, clothes, footwear, as well as plastic and wood items. In 1995 the active population in the industrial sector was 27%. The industry concentrates in the cities of the Capital region and of the Central region. In the last few decades of the 20th century, there has been a consolidation of the location of various industries in the mid-western regions of Zulia, Andes and Guayana, notably heavy industry in Guayana City.
Fishing gets increasingly important within the national economy and nutrition; without neglecting fluvial and coastal fishing, open sea fishing is stepping up.
The main highway is Los Andes or Simón Bolívar, which crosses the Llanos and ends up in San Cristobal, where it connects with the Pan-American highway. The density of freeways is high in the center-north area, in the Federal District and in the states of Miranda, Aragua and Carabobo. The most important seaports are Puerto Cabello, Maracaibo, La Guaira, Guanta, Puerto Sucre (Cumaná), Guaranao and El Guamache. Inland water transport is important, particularly in the Apure-Orinoco axis system. Several airlines exist, among them Avensa, Aeropostal, Alas de Venezuela (privatized) and other small companies. The Venezolana Internacional de Aviación (VIASA) company ceased to exist in 1997.
Tratado de Libre Comercio del Grupo de los Tres (Colombia-Venezuela-México) *Acuerdo con la Asociación Latinoamericana de Integración ALADI: (Venezuela-Bolivia-Costa Rica-Brasil-Argentina-Uruguay-Paraguay-Perú-Ecuador) Acuerdo de cooperación energética entre Venezuela y Belice Acuerdo de Cartagena (Bolivia, Colombia, el Ecuador, el Perú y Venezuela) Acuerdo de cooperación energética entre Venezuela y Costa Rica Acuerdo de cooperación energética entre Venezuela y El Salvador Acuerdo de cooperación energética entre Venezuela y Guatemala Acuerdo de cooperación energética entre Venezuela y Haití Acuerdo de cooperación energética entre Venezuela y Panamá Acuerdo de cooperación energética entre Venezuela y Nicaragua Acuerdo de cooperación energética entre Venezuela y Republica Dominicana Convenio entre el gobierno de la República de Venezuela y el gobierno de los Estados Unidos de América con el objeto de evitar la doble tributación y prevenir la evasión fiscal en materia de impuestos sobre la renta y sobre el patrimonio Convenio entre la República de Venezuela y el Reino de Noruega con el objeto de evitar la doble tributación y prevenir la evasión y el fraude fiscal en ambas Naciones. Convenios sobre la Promoción y Protección de Inversiones, entre el Gobierno de Venezuela y los gobiernos de Argentina, Barbados, Brasil, Canadá, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Paraguay y Perú
